道德经第46章：第四十六章 知足
Dao De Jing Chapter 46 – Chapter 46 Contentment
道德经第46章是老子哲学中关于知足与欲望的深刻论述。本章通过对比天下有道与无道的景象，揭示了人类欲望膨胀带来的社会动荡和个人灾祸。
Dao De Jing Chapter 46 presents Laozi's profound discussion on contentment and desire. By contrasting the scenes of a world following the Dao and one without it, this chapter reveals the social turmoil and personal disasters caused by expanding human desires.
一、原文与版本对比 / Original Text & Versions
本章主要参考三个历史版本：王弼本（通行本，魏晋时期）、帛书本（汉代马王堆出土）、楚简版（战国时期郭店楚墓出土）。不同版本在文字和表述上存在细微差异。 This chapter primarily draws from three historical versions: the Wang Bi edition (the standard version from the Wei–Jin period), the Mawangdui Silk Manuscript edition (excavated from the Western Han Mawangdui tombs),and the Guodian Bamboo Slip edition (excavated from a Warring States–period Chu tomb in Guodian). These versions show subtle differences in wording and expression.”
| 版本 / Version | 中文原文 / Chinese Text | 拼音 / Pinyin | 英文翻译 / English Translation |
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| 王弼本 (通行本) | 天下有道，却走马以粪 | tiān xià yǒu dào, què zǒu mǎ yǐ fèn | When the world follows the Dao, horses are used for farming |
| 帛书本 | 天下有道，却走马以粪 | tiān xià yǒu dào, què zǒu mǎ yǐ fèn | When the world follows the Dao, retreat warhorses to fertilize fields |
| 楚简版 | 天下有道，却走马以粪 | tiān xià yǒu dào, què zǒu mǎ yǐ fèn | When the world follows the Dao, return horses to manure |
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版本差异分析： 三个版本在此句上基本一致，都描绘了太平盛世中战马回归农耕的理想图景。王弼本和帛书本文字完全相同，楚简版也保持核心意义不变。
Version Differences: The three versions are basically consistent in this sentence, all depicting the ideal scene of warhorses returning to farming in peaceful times. The Wangbi and Boshu versions have identical text, while the Chujian version maintains the core meaning. |
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| 王弼本 (通行本) | 天下无道，戎马生于郊 | tiān xià wú dào, róng mǎ shēng yú jiāo | When the world lacks the Dao, warhorses are bred in the suburbs |
| 帛书本 | 天下无道，戎马生于郊 | tiān xià wú dào, róng mǎ shēng yú jiāo | When the world lacks the Dao, warhorses are born in suburbs |
| 楚简版 | 天下无道，戎马生于郊 | tiān xià wú dào, róng mǎ shēng yú jiāo | When the world lacks the Dao, warhorses give birth in suburbs |
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版本差异分析： 各版本在此句表述高度一致，都通过战马在郊野繁殖的意象，象征战争频繁、社会动荡的乱世景象。
Version Differences: All versions are highly consistent in this sentence, using the imagery of warhorses breeding in suburbs to symbolize the chaotic times of frequent wars and social turmoil. |
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| 王弼本 (通行本) | 祸莫大于不知足，咎莫大于欲得 | huò mò dà yú bù zhī zú, jiù mò dà yú yù dé | No disaster is greater than not knowing contentment, no fault is greater than the desire for gain |
| 帛书本 | 罪莫大于可欲，祸莫大于不知足 | zuì mò dà yú kě yù, huò mò dà yú bù zhī zú | No crime is greater than indulging desires, no disaster is greater than not knowing contentment |
| 楚简版 | 罪莫厚乎甚欲，咎莫憯乎欲得 | zuì mò hòu hū shèn yù, jiù mò cǎn hū yù dé | No crime is thicker than excessive desire, no fault is more miserable than wanting to gain |
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版本差异分析： 此句在各版本中存在明显差异。王弼本强调'不知足'和'欲得'，帛书本将'欲得'改为'可欲'，楚简版用'甚欲'和'欲得'，但核心都批判过度欲望。这种差异反映了不同时期对欲望批判的侧重点变化。
Version Differences: This sentence shows significant variations among versions. The Wangbi version emphasizes 'not knowing contentment' and 'desire for gain', the Boshu version changes 'desire for gain' to 'indulging desires', while the Chujian version uses 'excessive desire' and 'wanting to gain'. However, all versions criticize excessive desires, reflecting different emphases in different periods. |
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| 王弼本 (通行本) | 故知足之足，常足矣 | gù zhī zú zhī zú, cháng zú yǐ | Thus, the contentment of knowing contentment is eternal contentment |
| 帛书本 | 故知足之足，恒足矣 | gù zhī zú zhī zú, héng zú yǐ | Thus, the contentment of knowing contentment is constant contentment |
| 楚简版 | 知足之为足，此恒足矣 | zhī zú zhī wéi zú, cǐ héng zú yǐ | Knowing contentment as contentment, this is constant contentment |
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版本差异分析： 结尾句在各版本中略有差异。王弼本用'常足'，帛书本和楚简版用'恒足'，但都强调知足带来的永恒满足。楚简版的表述更加简洁直接。
Version Differences: The concluding sentence shows slight variations among versions. The Wangbi version uses 'eternal contentment', while the Boshu and Chujian versions use 'constant contentment'. However, all emphasize the eternal satisfaction brought by knowing contentment, with the Chujian version being more concise and direct. |
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二、核心主题解析 / Key Themes & Philosophical Analysis
1. 知足常乐的哲学 / The Philosophy of Contentment
知足常乐是道德经第46章的核心主题，体现了道家对人生幸福的独特理解。老子认为，真正的满足不在于外在物质的积累，而在于内心的知足状态。这种知足不是消极的妥协，而是对生命本质的深刻领悟。当人能够认识到自身需求的有限性，就能从无尽的欲望追逐中解脱出来，获得真正的精神自由。知足常乐哲学反对现代消费主义倡导的无限欲望，提倡简单朴素的生活方式。这种思想与儒家'安贫乐道'有相通之处，但道家更强调通过减少欲望来达到心灵平静。知足不是放弃追求，而是明确什么是真正重要的，将精力集中在有价值的事物上。
Contentment as eternal happiness is the core theme of Dao De Jing Chapter 46, representing Daoism's unique understanding of life happiness. Laozi believed that true satisfaction lies not in the accumulation of external materials but in the state of inner contentment. This contentment is not passive compromise but a profound understanding of life's essence. When people recognize the limitations of their needs, they can free themselves from the endless pursuit of desires and attain genuine spiritual freedom. The philosophy of contentment opposes the infinite desires promoted by modern consumerism and advocates a simple, plain lifestyle. This thought shares similarities with Confucianism's 'being contented in poverty and devoted to things spiritual', but Daoism emphasizes achieving mental peace through reducing desires. Contentment is not about giving up pursuit but about clarifying what is truly important and focusing energy on valuable things.
与原文的对应（中文）：直接对应经文'故知足之足，常足矣'，阐述了知足带来的永恒满足。
Relation to the text (English): Directly corresponds to the text 'Thus, the contentment of knowing contentment is eternal contentment', explaining the eternal satisfaction brought by contentment.
2. 欲望与灾祸的关系 / The Relationship Between Desire and Disaster
道德经第46章深刻揭示了欲望与灾祸的内在联系。老子明确指出'祸莫大于不知足，咎莫大于欲得'，将不知足和贪欲视为最大的祸患和过错。这种观点建立在道家对人性深刻观察的基础上。当个人欲望无限膨胀时，不仅会导致内心焦虑和痛苦，还会引发社会冲突和战争。经文通过'天下无道，戎马生于郊'的意象，生动描绘了欲望泛滥导致的社会动荡。欲望本身并非完全负面，道家批判的是过度和不知节制的欲望。合理的欲望可以推动进步，但失控的欲望会破坏个人和社会的和谐。这种思想对当代社会具有重要警示意义，特别是在物质主义盛行的环境下，提醒人们警惕欲望的负面后果。
Dao De Jing Chapter 46 profoundly reveals the intrinsic connection between desire and disaster. Laozi clearly states that 'no disaster is greater than not knowing contentment, no fault is greater than the desire for gain', regarding discontent and greed as the greatest calamities and faults. This view is based on Daoism's deep observation of human nature. When personal desires expand infinitely, it not only causes inner anxiety and suffering but also triggers social conflicts and wars. The text vividly depicts social turmoil caused by overflowing desires through the imagery of 'when the world lacks the Dao, warhorses are bred in the suburbs'. Desire itself is not entirely negative; Daoism criticizes excessive and unrestrained desires. Reasonable desires can drive progress, but uncontrolled desires will破坏 personal and social harmony. This thought has important warning significance for contemporary society, especially in materialistic environments, reminding people to be vigilant about the negative consequences of desires.
与原文的对应（中文）：基于'祸莫大于不知足，咎莫大于欲得'的论述，分析欲望的破坏性。
Relation to the text (English): Based on the discussion of 'no disaster is greater than not knowing contentment, no fault is greater than the desire for gain', analyzing the destructiveness of desires.
3. 有道与无道的对比 / Contrast Between Following Dao and Lacking Dao
道德经第46章通过有道与无道的鲜明对比，展现了两种截然不同的社会状态。'天下有道，却走马以粪'描绘了理想社会的景象：战马回归农田，象征和平与生产。这种状态下，资源得到合理利用，社会和谐稳定。相反，'天下无道，戎马生于郊'则表现了乱世特征：战马在郊野繁殖，暗示战争频繁、民生凋敝。这种对比不仅反映了老子的社会理想，也体现了他对政治治理的深刻见解。有道的社会建立在知足和节制的基础上，而无道的社会则源于欲望的泛滥。这种二元对立的结构帮助读者更清晰地理解道家政治哲学的核心要义。老子的理想社会不是通过强制规范实现的，而是通过培养人民的知足心态自然达成的。
Dao De Jing Chapter 46 presents two completely different social states through the sharp contrast between following Dao and lacking Dao. 'When the world follows the Dao, horses are used for farming' depicts the scene of an ideal society: warhorses returning to farmland, symbolizing peace and production. In this state, resources are properly utilized, and society is harmonious and stable. Conversely, 'when the world lacks the Dao, warhorses are bred in the suburbs' shows the characteristics of chaotic times: warhorses breeding in suburbs, implying frequent wars and people's livelihood decline. This contrast not only reflects Laozi's social ideal but also embodies his profound insights into political governance. A society following Dao is built on contentment and moderation, while a society lacking Dao stems from the overflow of desires. This binary structure helps readers understand the core essence of Daoist political philosophy more clearly. Laozi's ideal society is not achieved through compulsory regulations but naturally accomplished by cultivating people's contentment mindset.
与原文的对应（中文）：对应经文开头'天下有道，却走马以粪。天下无道，戎马生于郊'的对比描述。
Relation to the text (English): Corresponds to the contrasting description at the beginning of the text: 'When the world follows the Dao, horses are used for farming. When the world lacks the Dao, warhorses are bred in the suburbs.'
4. 自然与人为的平衡 / Balance Between Nature and Artificiality
道德经第46章隐含了自然与人为平衡的重要思想。战马用于农耕符合自然之道，而战马用于战争则代表了人为的扭曲。老子通过这种象征表达了对自然状态的推崇和对过度人为干预的批判。在道家哲学中，'自然'意味着事物按照自身本性发展，不加强制。当社会偏离自然之道，过度追求人为的目标时，就会产生各种问题。知足体现了对自然限度的尊重，而贪欲则代表了人为的无限扩张。这种平衡思想对现代可持续发展具有重要启示，提醒人类在发展中要尊重自然规律，保持适度的消费和生产模式。老子的智慧在于认识到，真正的进步不是通过征服自然实现的，而是通过与自然和谐共处达成的。
Dao De Jing Chapter 46 implies the important thought of balance between nature and artificiality. Using warhorses for farming accords with the natural Dao, while using them for war represents artificial distortion. Laozi expresses his admiration for natural states and criticism of excessive artificial intervention through this symbolism. In Daoist philosophy, 'naturalness' means things develop according to their own nature without coercion. When society deviates from the natural Dao and excessively pursues artificial goals, various problems arise. Contentment reflects respect for natural limits, while greed represents artificial infinite expansion. This balanced thinking has important implications for modern sustainable development, reminding humans to respect natural laws and maintain moderate consumption and production patterns in development. Laozi's wisdom lies in recognizing that true progress is not achieved by conquering nature but by harmoniously coexisting with nature.
与原文的对应（中文）：通过战马用途的对比，体现自然之道与人为扭曲的哲学思考。
Relation to the text (English): Through the contrast in warhorse usage, embodies philosophical reflection on natural Dao and artificial distortion.
三、现代生活中的应用 / Practical Meaning in Modern Life
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个人心理健康 / Personal Mental Health
在当代高压社会中，道德经第46章的知足智慧对维护心理健康具有重要意义。现代人常常陷入焦虑、抑郁等心理问题，很大程度上源于不知足和过度比较。应用老子的知足哲学，可以帮助个人建立合理的生活期望，减少不必要的心理压力。通过培养知足心态，人们能够更好地享受当下，而不是总是为未得到的事物烦恼。这种心态调整对于预防和缓解现代常见的心理疾病具有实际效果。知足不是放弃追求，而是学会在过程中找到满足，这种平衡对维持长期心理健康至关重要。
In contemporary high-pressure society, the wisdom of contentment in Dao De Jing Chapter 46 is significant for maintaining mental health. Modern people often fall into psychological problems like anxiety and depression, largely due to discontent and excessive comparison. Applying Laozi's philosophy of contentment can help individuals establish reasonable life expectations and reduce unnecessary psychological stress. By cultivating a content mindset, people can better enjoy the present instead of constantly worrying about what they haven't obtained. This mindset adjustment has practical effects for preventing and alleviating common modern psychological disorders. Contentment is not about giving up pursuit but learning to find satisfaction in the process, and this balance is crucial for maintaining long-term mental health.
- 每天列出三件让你感到满足的小事
- 练习正念冥想，专注于当下拥有的
- 设定合理的期望，避免完美主义
- 减少社交媒体上的比较行为
- 定期进行数字排毒，远离物质诱惑
- List three small things that make you feel content every day
- Practice mindfulness meditation, focusing on what you currently have
- Set reasonable expectations, avoid perfectionism
- Reduce comparison behavior on social media
- Regular digital detox, stay away from material temptations
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可持续消费 / Sustainable Consumption
道德经第46章对过度欲望的批判为现代可持续消费提供了哲学基础。在消费主义盛行的时代，老子的知足思想提醒我们反思消费行为的真正意义。可持续消费不是简单地减少消费，而是建立更加明智和有意义消费模式。通过理解知足的智慧，消费者可以区分真实需求与人为制造的欲望，做出更环保的选择。这种消费观念的转变对于应对气候变化、资源枯竭等全球环境挑战至关重要。企业也可以从知足哲学中获得启示，开发真正满足用户需求而非刺激无限欲望的产品和服务。
The critique of excessive desires in Dao De Jing Chapter 46 provides a philosophical foundation for modern sustainable consumption. In an era of prevailing consumerism, Laozi's thought of contentment reminds us to reflect on the true meaning of consumption behavior. Sustainable consumption is not simply reducing consumption but establishing wiser and more meaningful consumption patterns. By understanding the wisdom of contentment, consumers can distinguish between real needs and artificially created desires, making more environmentally friendly choices. This shift in consumption concepts is crucial for addressing global environmental challenges like climate change and resource depletion. Enterprises can also gain insights from the philosophy of contentment, developing products and services that truly meet user needs rather than stimulating infinite desires.
- 购买前问自己：这是真实需求还是冲动欲望？
- 选择质量耐用而非频繁更换的产品
- 支持本地和可持续生产的商品
- 实践共享经济，减少资源浪费
- 培养修复文化，延长物品使用寿命
- Ask yourself before purchasing: Is this a real need or impulsive desire?
- Choose quality durable products over frequent replacement
- Support local and sustainably produced goods
- Practice sharing economy, reduce resource waste
- Cultivate repair culture, extend product lifespan
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组织领导力 / Organizational Leadership
道德经第46章的知足哲学为现代组织领导力提供了重要启示。在竞争激烈的商业环境中，领导者往往陷入无限扩张的陷阱，导致组织资源分散、员工疲惫。应用老子的知足智慧，领导者可以建立更加可持续的发展模式。知足不是反对增长，而是追求有质量的、符合组织核心能力的增长。这种领导哲学强调内在满足而非外在规模，帮助组织在变化的环境中保持定力。知足型的领导者更注重员工福祉、组织文化和长期价值，而不是短期的数字增长。这种领导风格能够创造更加健康和有韧性的组织。
The philosophy of contentment in Dao De Jing Chapter 46 provides important insights for modern organizational leadership. In highly competitive business environments, leaders often fall into the trap of infinite expansion, leading to dispersed organizational resources and exhausted employees. Applying Laozi's wisdom of contentment, leaders can establish more sustainable development models. Contentment does not oppose growth but pursues quality growth that aligns with organizational core competencies. This leadership philosophy emphasizes inner satisfaction rather than external scale, helping organizations maintain stability in changing environments. Contentment-oriented leaders pay more attention to employee well-being, organizational culture, and long-term value rather than short-term numerical growth. This leadership style can create healthier and more resilient organizations.
- 设定基于核心能力而非盲目扩张的战略目标
- 建立员工福祉导向的组织文化
- 定期评估增长质量而非单纯规模
- 培养组织的内在韧性而非外在规模
- 平衡短期业绩与长期可持续发展
- Set strategic goals based on core competencies rather than blind expansion
- Establish employee well-being oriented organizational culture
- Regularly assess growth quality rather than mere scale
- Cultivate organizational inner resilience rather than external size
- Balance short-term performance with long-term sustainable development
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环境伦理 / Environmental Ethics
道德经第46章蕴含的环境伦理思想对当代生态保护具有深刻意义。老子通过战马用途的对比，暗示了人类活动与自然环境的关系。知足哲学提倡对自然资源的适度利用，反对过度开发和浪费。这种思想与现代生态文明的核心理念高度契合。在面临气候变化、生物多样性丧失等全球环境危机的今天，老子的智慧提醒我们重新思考人类在自然中的位置。知足不是反对发展，而是追求与自然和谐共处的发展模式。这种环境伦理观要求我们尊重自然的内在价值，而不仅仅将其视为资源仓库。
The environmental ethical thought contained in Dao De Jing Chapter 46 has profound significance for contemporary ecological protection. Through the contrast in warhorse usage, Laozi implies the relationship between human activities and the natural environment. The philosophy of contentment advocates moderate use of natural resources and opposes overexploitation and waste. This thought highly aligns with the core concepts of modern ecological civilization. Facing global environmental crises like climate change and biodiversity loss today, Laozi's wisdom reminds us to rethink humanity's position in nature. Contentment does not oppose development but pursues development models that harmoniously coexist with nature. This environmental ethics requires us to respect the intrinsic value of nature, not just treating it as a resource warehouse.
- 实践简约生活，减少碳足迹
- 支持可再生能源和循环经济
- 参与本地生态保护活动
- 选择环境友好型产品和服务
- 教育下一代尊重自然的价值
- Practice simple living, reduce carbon footprint
- Support renewable energy and circular economy
- Participate in local ecological protection activities
- Choose environmentally friendly products and services
- Educate next generation to respect nature's value
常见问题 / Frequently Asked Questions
问题 1：道德经第46章中的'知足'是否意味着消极避世？ / Does 'contentment' in Dao De Jing Chapter 46 mean passive withdrawal from the world?
不，道德经第46章中的'知足'并不等同于消极避世。老子的知足哲学是一种积极的智慧选择，强调在认识自身真实需求的基础上实现内心平衡。知足不是放弃努力和追求，而是避免被无限欲望所奴役。它帮助人们区分什么是真正重要的，将精力集中在有价值的目标上。这种态度实际上能够让人更加专注和有效地追求真正有意义的事物。知足常乐是一种内在的充实状态，使人能够在纷繁复杂的世界中保持心灵平静和方向明确。
No, 'contentment' in Dao De Jing Chapter 46 does not equal passive withdrawal from the world. Laozi's philosophy of contentment is a positive wisdom choice, emphasizing achieving inner balance based on understanding one's true needs. Contentment is not about giving up efforts and pursuits but avoiding being enslaved by infinite desires. It helps people distinguish what is truly important and concentrate energy on valuable goals. This attitude actually enables people to pursue truly meaningful things more focused and effectively. Contentment as eternal happiness is an inner fulfilled state that allows people to maintain mental peace and clear direction in a complex world.
问题 2：如何在现代竞争社会中实践道德经第46章的知足智慧？ / How to practice the wisdom of contentment from Dao De Jing Chapter 46 in modern competitive society?
在现代竞争社会中实践知足智慧需要平衡进取与满足。首先，要区分健康竞争与过度比较，专注于自身成长而非击败他人。其次，建立基于内在价值而非外在认可的成功标准。第三，培养感恩心态，定期反思已拥有的福祉。第四，设定有意义的个人目标，而不是盲目追随社会期望。最后，保持对物质享受的适度态度，重视精神充实和人际关系。这些实践不是要放弃竞争，而是让竞争更加健康和可持续，避免被欲望驱使而失去自我。
Practicing the wisdom of contentment in modern competitive society requires balancing initiative and satisfaction. First, distinguish healthy competition from excessive comparison, focusing on personal growth rather than defeating others. Second, establish success standards based on intrinsic values rather than external recognition. Third, cultivate a grateful mindset, regularly reflecting on blessings already possessed. Fourth, set meaningful personal goals instead of blindly following social expectations. Finally, maintain a moderate attitude towards material enjoyment, valuing spiritual fulfillment and interpersonal relationships. These practices are not about abandoning competition but making competition healthier and more sustainable, avoiding being driven by desires and losing oneself.
问题 3：道德经第46章对个人幸福感有什么启示？ / What insights does Dao De Jing Chapter 46 offer for personal happiness?
道德经第46章对个人幸福感的启示在于重新定义幸福的来源。老子指出，真正的幸福不是来自外在物质的积累，而是源于内心的知足状态。这种观点挑战了现代物质主义对幸福的理解。知足幸福感具有稳定性，不依赖外部条件的变化。它帮助人们从比较和竞争的焦虑中解脱出来，找到内在的平静和满足。实践知足智慧能够减少对虚幻目标的追逐，让人更加关注当下和真实的生活体验。这种幸福感更加持久和深刻，因为它建立在自我认知和精神成长的基础上。
Dao De Jing Chapter 46's insight for personal happiness lies in redefining the source of happiness. Laozi points out that true happiness does not come from the accumulation of external materials but from the state of inner contentment. This view challenges modern materialism's understanding of happiness. Contentment-based happiness has stability, not relying on changes in external conditions. It helps people free themselves from the anxiety of comparison and competition, finding inner peace and satisfaction. Practicing the wisdom of contentment can reduce the pursuit of illusory goals, making people pay more attention to the present and real life experiences. This happiness is more lasting and profound because it is built on self-awareness and spiritual growth.
问题 4：道德经第46章中的战马象征有什么深层含义？ / What is the deeper meaning of the warhorse symbolism in Dao De Jing Chapter 46?
道德经第46章中的战马象征具有多层次的深层含义。首先，战马代表军事力量和冲突，它的用途变化反映了社会状态的转变。用于农耕时，象征和平与生产；用于战争时，象征动荡与破坏。其次，战马也隐喻人类欲望的两种导向：建设性的和破坏性的。当欲望用于创造价值时，就像战马耕田；当欲望失控导致冲突时，就像战马征战。第三，战马还象征资源的两种使用方式：满足基本需求的合理使用和满足无限欲望的过度使用。这种象征帮助读者直观理解知足与贪欲的不同后果。
The warhorse symbolism in Dao De Jing Chapter 46 has multi-layered deeper meanings. First, warhorses represent military power and conflict, and their usage changes reflect shifts in social states. When used for farming, they symbolize peace and production; when used for war, they symbolize turmoil and destruction. Second, warhorses also metaphorically represent two directions of human desires: constructive and destructive. When desires are used to create value, it's like warhorses plowing fields; when desires spiral out of control causing conflicts, it's like warhorses fighting battles. Third, warhorses also symbolize two ways of using resources: reasonable use to meet basic needs and excessive use to satisfy infinite desires. This symbolism helps readers intuitively understand the different consequences of contentment and greed.
总结 / Summary of Dao De Jing Chapter 46
道德经第46章通过有道与无道的对比，深刻阐述了知足常乐的哲学智慧。本章揭示不知足和贪欲是个人灾祸和社会动荡的根源，强调通过知足实现永恒满足的重要性。老子的思想为现代人应对物质诱惑、维护心理健康、实践可持续生活提供了 timeless 智慧。
Dao De Jing Chapter 46 profoundly expounds the philosophical wisdom of contentment through the contrast between following Dao and lacking Dao. This chapter reveals that discontent and greed are the roots of personal disasters and social turmoil, emphasizing the importance of achieving eternal satisfaction through contentment. Laozi's thought provides timeless wisdom for modern people to deal with material temptations, maintain mental health, and practice sustainable living.
关键词：知足, 欲望, 道德经第46章, 有道无道, 常足, 祸患, 贪得
Key concepts: Contentment, Desire, Dao De Jing Chapter 46, Following Dao, Lacking Dao, Eternal Satisfaction, Disaster, Greed